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Details

Detailed knowledge of UPS power supply

Time:2018-07-04        Read

 What is UPS?

  UPS Chinese Uninterruptible Power Supply . Its function is to protect valuable instruments and equipment, extend the power of emergency safety escape equipment, avoid the phenomenon of power interruption or power instability, extend the life of equipment, and prevent high-voltage hazards and damage to equipment.

Types of UPS

  Backup UPS , online UPS , online interactive UPS . Backup UPS: adopts anti-interference step-by-step voltage regulation and stabilization technology. When the mains supply is normal or the voltage changes, it can provide high-frequency interference stabilized power to the load. 10ms conversion time is not suitable for some equipment with high requirements on power quality. On-line UPS: When the power supply fails, the output of the UPS does not require switching time, and its load power supply is smooth and stable. Generally used in finance, securities, telecommunications and other sectors. Online interactive UPS: centralized backup UPS has the advantages of high efficiency and high quality of online UPS power supply, but the frequency stabilization feature is not ideal, and it is not suitable for UPS power with constant delay.

 

Three, UPS battery

  The reason why UPS can continue to supply power to computers and other equipment after a power outage is because it has a device that stores electricity inside it. This energy storage device is a UPS battery. Its main functions are:

    (1) When the city power is normal, convert the electrical energy into chemical energy and store it in the battery.

    (2) When the utility power fails, convert the chemical energy into electrical energy and provide it to the inverter or load.

  The quality of the UPS battery is directly related to the reliability of the entire UPS system, but the battery is the shortest mean time between failures (MTBF) in the entire UPS system. If the user can use and maintain it correctly, it can extend its service life. On the contrary, its service life will be significantly shortened. The types of batteries are generally divided into lead-acid batteries, lead-acid maintenance-free batteries, and nickel-cadmium batteries. The battery is the heart of the UPS. No matter how complicated the UPS system is, its performance ultimately depends on the battery. If the battery fails, no matter how good the UPS is, it cannot provide backup power. How to monitor the battery to accurately predict its critical failure period and how to extend the effective life of the battery is the key to ensuring the stability and reliability of the UPS power supply system.

  Considering the load conditions, operating environment, service life, and cost, lead-acid maintenance-free batteries are generally selected. Users should never choose low-quality batteries because they want to be cheap, because doing so will affect the reliability of the entire system and may cause greater losses.

 

Fourth, UPS software management

  Many UPSs provide a set of power management software. Through this software, you can remotely monitor and control the working status of the UPS. When an emergency occurs, the software can send e-mail to the administrator or send information to the administrator's pager. Convenient management work for system administrators.

 

Five, UPS installation settings

   1. Installation equipment clearance. Considering maintenance and proper ventilation, the following clearances are required for various specifications of cabinets:

1. From the side plate: 15.2cm

2. Top and back: 30.5cm

3. Front: 91.5cm

  Location requirements: Install the UPS as close as possible to the load equipment or switchboard it protects. If the additional battery is in a separate battery cabinet, the external battery cabinet should be located as close as possible to the UPS.

 

    2. Electrical installation

  1.Typical installation with maintenance bypass switch

  The UPS input power can be hard-wired through the circuit to a power circuit breaker or an optional external bypass switch. For hard-wired installations, it is recommended to install a UPS maintenance bypass switch to switch power during maintenance or UPS shutdown. If a bypass switch is used, the UPS input and UPS output must be hard-wired through separate circuits.

  2.Typical installation without maintenance bypass switch

 

Six, output overload capacity

  The output overload capacity refers to the stability of the UPS output when the utility power is abnormal or the load is abnormal.

  Overload capacity is the key to UPS, because it is generally not a problem during normal operation. When the UPS display capability is most needed is when the mains power is abnormal and the load is abnormal, because when the mains power and the load are normal, the UPS is only a regulator and filter, and this function uses an inexpensive AC voltage regulator It can be achieved. Therefore, it would not be worth it if the UPS only played such a role. Therefore, the main functions of the UPS must be grasped. The UPS must be able to connect uninterruptedly when the utility power is abnormal, and the UPS must be able to handle it properly when the load is abnormal, that is, it can withstand the test for normal overload, and the UPS must be capable of timely in the event of a short circuit. Take necessary measures.

 

Seven, UPS output socket

  The output socket of a UPS refers to the power output interface of the UPS. Generally, in China's UPS products, two standard socket interfaces must be provided: a two-hole socket and a three-hole socket. The number of output sockets provided by different UPS is not the same. Generally speaking, low-end UPS suitable for personal use provides one output socket, while mid-range UPS will provide more than two output sockets, and output sockets provided by high-end cabinet UPS Will be more to meet the power needs of more equipment.

 

Eight, input voltage frequency

  UPS input voltage frequency, that is, the frequency range that the UPS can automatically track the mains power and maintain synchronization. Generally, the standard frequency of the power grid is 50Hz (Hertz) or 60Hz (Hertz). The UPS allows the mains frequency to have a certain range of change, that is, the frequency range of the input voltage. Within this range, the UPS tracks the mains frequency synchronously, and if it exceeds, it is input at the local frequency.

 

Nine, output voltage frequency

  Generally, the standard frequency of the power grid is 50Hz (Hertz) or 60Hz (Hertz). The UPS allows the mains frequency to have a certain range of variation. Within this range, the UPS synchronously tracks the mains frequency, and if it exceeds, it outputs at the local frequency. The actual output frequency is the output voltage frequency.

 

Ten, UPS conversion

  The transition time of the UPS refers to the time required for the UPS to switch from the mains to the battery state or from the battery state to the mains. Generally, the UPS conversion time cannot be greater than 10ms (milliseconds).

  The conversion time index of UPS is expected to be as small as possible, but some capacitive loads can withstand short-term conversion. If a relay uses a UPS, there is a conversion time of 4 ~ 10ms, and it is smaller for an electronic switch. The key is to look at the UPS. What technology to use. Usually people think that the backup type and the online interactive type have a conversion time, and the online UPS does not have a conversion time, that is, zero conversion time.

  For home personal use or SOHO small office applications, it is recommended to buy a backup UPS with a conversion time (not greater than 10ms), which is more cost-effective; for important jobs such as transportation, banking, securities, or large enterprises, it is recommended to purchase zero conversion Online UPS for time.

 

Eleven, input voltage range

  That is, the UPS allows the range of the mains voltage to change, because the local voltage fluctuations directly affect the operation of the UPS, especially the power grids in some areas are relatively bad, and the voltages during the day and night are very different. If the UPS works around the clock, in such a wide range of changes, whether the UPS can work is very important. If it does not work, only the battery can be switched. This way, the battery is not used for real power failure. Second, frequent battery switching will affect the battery life. If the battery transfer device of the UPS is a relay, the damage to the relay is particularly serious, which greatly increases the failure rate of the UPS.


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